The Sposa locality is located in the cadastral municipality of Castel Novo Valsugana, forms a
fraction of the community and there are housing houses in it, which are inhabited all year round.
The spreads are located south-west of the parish church of S. Leonardo. The territory of the spilers is included in a quadrilateral whose north side is the Brenta river, from its confluence with the Rivo Mojo, up to the bridge of the spreads of the road that connects the town of Castel Novo with the hamlet of Borgo, the Olle. The road of the spilers acts as a border to the south from the bridge over the Brenta to the Rio Fumula bridge, or Pissavaca, or Bisilenga. It connects the town of Castel Novo with the Olle. The Rio smoke until his mouth in the Rio Mojo also acts as a border to the west between the community of Castel Novo and that of Borgo. The whole territory is a gently degrading plain towards the Brenta river and of a glacial nature. Over the years, Brenta has taken steps to remove material by creating steep banks towards the river. The ground is composed of limestone-clay debris suitable for cultures of grains, screws and fruit plants. The crops are good if you have irrigation systems to cope with summer drought periods.
The name Sposa could derive from the so called "Althochdeutsch" (2) (old German) and could mean "arid or dry plain". This meaning could be appropriate for the land considered from the medieval agricultural point of view. The possibility of drawing water from the two Rii Fumula or Mojo for irrigation in periods of drought was practically impossible, given that in the summer they are almost always without water.
A confirmation of this situation is reminded of us by the first cadastral surveys of the Theresia period. The territories, evaluated on the basis of productivity, almost always receive a low evaluation: medium quality or of infimal quality. The Theresian land registry was intended to uniform the fiscal imposition criterion on the land, houses and woods, which all the subjects of the Habsburg Empire paid the equal evaluation taxes. That the land registry also highlights the property of the individual funds was only a secondary phenomenon.
Sposters have not left us a great historical documentation. For a long time the land were a fiefdom of Castel Telvana. The family or the Sipe (3) of families who lived in the farm system arranged towards the village of Olle were invested with this fiefdom. These families, according to the bajuvaro-longobard customs, provided the investiture in exchange for the guard service to the castle. All male children skilled with weapons from 18 to 60 years old had the obligation to provide this service armed, according to the so -called "Rodolo" in case of need, war or danger they all had to participate.
ln followed this obligation was transformed into a tax called "guard". They were no longer required to do this service in peacetime but the community paid a tax and the jurisdicting of the castle provided for this service.
However, everyone had to participate with their weapons in the defense of the castle and the territory, however.
The first significant historical documentation in which spilers play a first -rate role, has been received due to a dispute between the community of Castel Novo and the community of Borgo. Borgo believed that the spreads were part of their community since from time immemorial had been a fiefdom of Castel Telvana and, since Castel Telvana was part of the community of Borgo, the fiefdom was automatically part of its territory. Castel Novo presented a series of documents on that occasion in which the spilers have been immemorial since time immemorial, both from a religious and civil point of view had always served by the community of Castel Novo. The parish priest had always been called in case of danger of death, the burials took place in the cemetery of Castel Novo as well as baptisms and weddings. Also for the civil cases they had always turned to the Castel Novo regulation including requests for sentences for contrasts arose between the inhabitants of the spilers.
The good reasons and the documentation presented by the Community of Castel Novo made the sentence in favor of the Oraranda Community of Castel Novo. After the sentence of 1604, the community of Castel Novo Provide, in agreement with that of Borgo to arrange the border stones between the two communities.
A border stone remained until before the First World War at the De Tzejo bridge of the Vecchia road. Said Cippo brought the C+B consonants engraved in the upper and under the coat of arms of the community "The castle with two towers". The coat of arms was graphically detected by the Osserer in 1897 and preserved in the collection of coats of arms and engravings of Tyrol and preserved in the Lnnsbruck Ferdinandeum library. Above the drawing of the coat of arms it is like this written: "Castelnuovo (Valsugana) Gemeinde Wappen. AUF dem Grenzstein Gegen Borgo" (Coat of the Municipality- on the border stone towards Borgo).
We have the first significant description of the territory of the spilers through the cadastral detection of the Theresian period, that is, of the empress Maria Theresia.
From this cadastre we choose the parts that particularly affect the land that today are part of the De Bellat Foundation.
Around 1758, the owners of the lands to the spilers were the lords of Anna Dr. Giuseppe and Giovanni Nepomuceno di Telve.
Cadastral number 677 - A rural house called to the Spagolle and dictates the Maso Pasqualini or Maso first with stove, kitchen, bedrooms, cellar, faces, stables, stabbi and courtyard with a chapel, vegetable garden and attached meadows ... ground of the pertic house 437
Prato of Tagmatt 11 1/3. (4)
678 - A vineyard with an attached mulberry dictates to the Spagolle ... of rainy children of petty quality.
(This fund must pay the tenth damp tenth and the level of Carantani 9 1/10 and to the Castel Novo level of Carantani 6 and Laudemio F (Iorini) 2.6 (5)
to the Castle of Telvana
679 - A pour -forest with the Spagolle ... (Description of the borders) of Tagmatt 8 1/2 of the lowest quality.
666 - A rural house dictates to the Spagolle with the second with Stuffa, kitchen rooms, stable, cellar, faces, and a Casara with an attached vegetable garden (borders) of Pertiche 201.
667 - A Practice with some fruit ones called to the Spagolle (borders) of Tagmatt 1 Pertiche 360 ??of excellent quality.
668 - An Arativa Vìgnata with Gelsi called to the Spagolle annexed to the South (Ett) at home (borders) of Piovi 14 Pertiche 548 1/2 of medium quality.
(This fund pays the tenth dry tenth to Castel Telvana).
660 - A rural house with the spaces called the Maso Poppi, or third pebed with stove, kitchen, bedrooms, stable, faces and cellar with vineyard plowing with mulberries (borders) of Piovi 10 Pertiche 268 of medium quality.
(This fund pays the tenth dry tenth to the Castel Telvana and to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of Carantanì 24).
300 - An abstractive vineyard called to the Spagolle (borders) of Piovi 2 of infimal quality
(This fund pays the tenth damp tenth to Castel Telvana and to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of Fiorini 5.15).
763 - A vineyard with Gelsi called to the Spagolle (borders) of Pertiche 2880 of medium quality.
(This fund pays the tenth dry tenth to Castel Telvana).
747 - An Aractive Vignata with Gelsi called to Spagolle (borders) Novali 6 of Piovi 430 of infimal quality.
(This fund pays the same charges such as the previous fund number 763).
826 - A vineyard with Gelsi called to the Spagolle (borders) of Pertiche 645 of infimal quality.
(This fund pays like the previous fund n ° 747).
762 - A vineyard with mulberry dictated to the Spagolle (borders) of Pertiche 864 of infimal quality (this bottom pays to Castel Telvana La tenth: wet dry, and to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of florins 1 Carantani 15).
790 - A vineyard now reduced to Prato and starts in Orto alle Spagolle (borders) of Piovi 1 Pertici 719 of infimal quality.
(This fund pays the tenth to Castel Telvana: wet dry and to the municipality of Castel Novo level of florins 3 and Carantani 12).
471 - A now reduced to the use of pasture to the Spagolle (borders) of Piovi 2 Pertiche 570 of infimal quality.
(This fund pays the tenth to Castel Telvana: wet dry and to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of Fiorini 5 and Carantani 17).
733 - An Arativa Vignata with mulberry with the Spagolle (borders) of Pertiche 572 of infimal quality
(This bottom pays to Castel Telvana in Decima: wet dry, to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of florins 2 Carantani 24).
Anna Di Telve family owned all these assets that following the beginning of this century were sold to the De Bellat family and which then became the base of the foundation. In addition to the Spiegos, the D'Anna owned a huge amount of goods on Mount Tchiwarohn (Civaron) both of forest and meadows and pastures. In this cadastre, nod in the presence of the first of the existence of a chapel without the indication to those who were dedicated.
In the same period, the Tyrolean peasant cartographer Peter Anich was commissioned by the cartographic survey of the Princely County of Tyrol. The first important assignment is given to Ioseph Songgs who begins the detection of the southern part of Tyrol. The results are not good, the SPERGS is called to Vienna for other positions and the detection is in charge of the Anich. The Anich continues the surveys of the Spegs but with another technique and another reference scale.
The work will not be completed by Dali'anich but by his collaborator and successor Blasius Hueber, he too is a peasant from Oberberfufl, among 1766-69 the southern part of Tyrol was detected, in 1774 he was printed in Vienna. From this detection we know that the chapel was dedicated to S. Bartolomeo. S. Bartolomeo is one of the twelve apostles and according to legend he died martyr in Armenia after having been removed his skin. It is venerated as protector as many activities including wine cultivation.
Today the chapel is located in a state of abandonment and unthinkable degradation. The construction is in the shape of a hexagon with the entry from the south. The interior is enriched with a_a altarpiece with the figure of the saint who is preaching. On the ceiling there is a rose window with the twelve apostles represented and in the middle the dove, symbol of the Holy Spirit. The frescoes are of pleasant view and as well as the pictorial decorations. For a long time, no one has taken care of the chapel anymore, the humidity and bad weather have ruined it perhaps irreparablely. The paintings probably date back to the 1750s, if not before.
On the same house where the chapel is located, towards the morning, there is a meridian of excellent workmanship but now ruined by time, in which the year of realization is glimpsed: 1606.
The paintings of the chapel could also go back to that period. The total loss of the UESTO artistic heritage would be unjustified.
The writer Beda Weber in 1838 in his tourist guide of the town of Tirol, in the second volumes, also mention this chapel. (7)
We report what the Beda Weber writes: "Die Wunderwollste Aussicht in Ganz Valsugana Geniesst Man auf dem platze, Welcher the Spagos Genannnt Wird, Eine Flach Abhangdende Landstrecke Südwestlich von Castelnovo, Eine Halbe Stunde Lang und eine Halbe Viertel Stunde Breit, Mit Reben- und fruchbäumen aller art bepflanzt, und mit iándlichen wohnungen übersäet. In der mitte steht eine schöne kapelle und ein práchiger landsitz. von hier aus übersicht man Fast at the Dorfschaften in Valsugana ".
The best view of the Valsugana can be enjoyed in the place called Spiles. It's a
Flat degrading to the southwest of Castel Novo in width of half an hour of travel and a quarter of an hour. The area is covered with vineyards, mulberries and fruit trees of all quality. In the center there is a beautiful chapel and an elegant main residence. From here you can see almost all the countries of the Valsugana. (page 548-549).
.
In the same years we also find a reference to spilers. The Staffler, then an important official of the government of the Tyrolean province, asked all the district judges to send him a historical economic relationship of their districts.
These reports would then be used for the work "Tirol und vorarlberg 'of 1841. The judge Zanolli on 10 October 1835 sends the report to Innsbruck. In it we find, on page 24:' and at the same distance more to the West in the locality Spagolle there is a church of the noble family of Anna.
The original report is preserved in the T.L.M. Ferdinandeum FB 4322.
Agostino Perini in the statistics of Trentino (vol. II Ed.fr. Perini 1852) on page 520 speaks of Spagnolle (instead of spreads) and, in a nutshell, describes them: "Casale of the Municipality of Castelnovo, judicial district and captain of Borgo "."
Spacroissance does not appear that others have been interested, neither journalists nor writers. Until before the First War there were many families who worked in agriculture, viticulture and fruit growing and could live decently. With the end of the war and the new economic economic situation that was forming for families who operated on the third it became impossible to continue working. The possibilities of survival were slowly extinguishing.
Innsbruck 21-05-1999.
N'AndoIetho de Kastelnöf
Report that was carried out, at the request of the president of the Zimarnovo Association Carlo Brendolise, for the De Bellat Foundation for the then President Dr. Dalsasso in order to obtain funding from the European Fund. the whole was
made free as the making available in Castelnuovo News.
Notes:
(1) The current wording of the name is used and not the official name Spagolle
(2) We mean that language used by the German populations of the Alps and north of these including the Bajuvaro and the Lombard until the X-XI century. (see
(3) We mean those families who come from the same "fogo" that is, which are closely related to each other.
(4) German measurement unit corresponding to a work. In the Theresian cadastre, the use of the units of measurement is of the mixed type; Some use German units, others the important Venetians.
(5) Carantani was a monetary currency unit (60 Carantani = 1 Fiorino), laudemio amount that is paid at the time of the infeudation by the ecclesiastical part every time the investiture is made either for death of the investment or the investor the Bishop.
(6) The novals were the land recently recovering to cultivation and whose castle or community had to be paid a fee depending on whether the fund was a fiefdom or land of the community.
(7) Das Land Tirol mita einem Anhang Vorarlberg Handbuch für Reisende Zweiter Band Südtirol Innsbruck Wagnersschen Buchhandlung 1838. Seite 548.
Castelnuovo notizie n.2 dic 2000
Notes of local history
Some events that occurred in the period of the First World War, 1915-18,
On the territory of the municipality of Castelnuovo in the Praj de Tchiwarhon, Coalba, Colazo and Porta Leposse area.
We remember in particular the units of the Imperial Regio Austro-Hungarian army than more a
Long fought in these locations: the Rainer I.R. X159 and the Hessen I.R. X/14. (I.R. Infantry regiment).
In the cemetery of the heroes, Imperial Regi, to the Praj de Tschiwaron (Civerone), inaugurated on September 2, 2001, many fallen of these two glorious units were resting together with many other fallen of other units I. R..
K. u.K. Heldenfriedhof
Tschiwaron (Civerone)
The King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy on May 23, 1915 declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, after having canceled the Treaty of the Triple Alliance. A pact concluded between the Austro-Hungarian Lmpero, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy in 1882, with a expected duration of six years and with automatic renewal. The cancellation took place on May 3, 1915. Seven days after the Kingdom of Italy had signed the secret agreement of London, on April 26, 1915 with the triple understanding: France, England and Russia.
The agreement provided that the Kingdom of Italy would enter the war against the Habsburg Empire within one month of the signing of the Treaty. The Kingdom of Italy would have received the territories of Welschtirolo (Province of Trento), South Tyrolean up to the Brenner (province of Bolzano) and Trieste with the coast.
The military intervention of the Kingdom of Italy against the Austro-Hungarian Empire had forced the military of the Imperial Regio Army to create a defense line by abandoning part of their territory to the enemy. For Valsugana the line included the Piz of Leweck (Levico), the Forte di Tenna, Forte delle Benne, Panarotta, Fravort and the Alps of Fasha (Fassa).
The advance of the royal army in Valsugana was very slow, the army felt insecure and knew neither enemy forces nor the territory. At first they reached the village of Ospedaletto, a limit in which the cannonate of Panarotta arrived. Up to Ospedalettolet, they also reactivated the Valsugana railway, from the border of Tezze. The war activities of the Royal Army limited themselves for a long time to night patrol activities for the countries of the valley floor.
The lasting occupation of the countries of the valley floor took place in the months of September and October
1915. So also the mountains of Tquiwaron (Civerone) and Sella and, on the other side of the valley, Musiera and Calamento.
In the spring of 1916 the Royal Italian Army had gone beyond Roncegno and Marter to Malga Broi and S. Osvaldo. On May 15, 1916 he began "The spring offensive" on the Lavarone and Folgaria plateau, by the Army Imperial Regio. In Valsugana the Royal Army, fearing to be surrounded, retires precipitously to Ospedaletto and the Tesino, setting fire to the countries that had to abandon and forcing the populations to leave their homes to be deported distant in the Kingdom of Latalia.
The spring offensive, called by the Italians "Strafspedition" must be blocked by the Austro -Hungarian army since the offensive of the Russian imperial army began in the East, known as the offensive of Brussilow (general commander in the Russian chief). Thus a new line of defense was formed by the Austro -Hungarian army in Valsugana, which started from Porta Leposse, descended to Valcalgiera (Caldiera), Colon de Gné, Coalba, Civerone Bokardin side, followed the left bank of the Maso stream on the valley floor, With advanced stations towards Villa Agnetdo and Strigno, mentioned and then followed for the Calazione Valley. On the Civerone the line ran more or less coming from the west of the Kolon de Gné, crossing Coalba went up at the first saddle of the Bokardin, then descending to the masiere and towards the confluence of the Brenta river with the Maso stream. The stations of the Italian royal army on the Bokardin could control and disturb what the Austro -Hungarian did on the valley floor, the Maso line.
The parties of clash immediately began as both. The Imperial Regio Austro -Hungarian army tried to push the royal army line towards the mesole, the enemy tried to go up towards the prajs of Tquiwaron (Civarone). These military operations caused the parties from both parties a significant number of deaths and wounded, also keeping in mind that in some places the lines were even less than twenty steps away from each other.
The fallen recovered by the Austro -Hungarian imperials, at first it was thought to bury them in the area at Malga Tchiwarohn (Valduga), west side of the Prajs (where the I.R. Cemetery of the heroes will then be erected). Nearby there was also a dressing place. This area of ??the "Prajs" (Prati), towards Sella, was hidden from the observation of the enemy from Monte Lefre and here was also concentrated on the artillery of the Royal Army. The area was also out of visibility "of the Turin Observatory of the Italian Royal Army on Valcalgiera (Caldiera).
The whole area had been covered with warehouses and shacks for the soldiers and was a base for supplies for troops operating on Valcalgiera, Porta Leposse and Ortigara. From here the mule tracks towards the Fagaré and the mule track of Val Porzigìa gathered at the foot of the Graon and continued for "The Stol dell'Acqua (Stal del Prete)" Dention for the Campigoletti and for Porta Leposse.
By increasing the number of fallen, in mid -June 1916 the Oreranze Battalion
For the fallen Imperial Regio he took the direct care "of the I.R. Heroes cemetery "erecting a fence and the Catholic chapel for religious functions for the fallen. There was also the field chaplain who was a bit the manager and spiritual guide of the soldiers and those engaged in the honors of the fallen.
In the area in front of the Tquiwarhon (Civerone) there are several units of the imperial regio army, many soldiers lost their lives in fulfilling duty towards their country and were buried in the I.R. Heroes cemetery to the praj.
Some fell and their bodies were hidden since they could not be recovered.
We briefly remember the units operating in the Tquiwarhon area (Cìverone) Coalba,
Colazo, Porta Leposse:
Landsturm Baon N. 1; I.R. l/1st Reg.; Landsturm Batt. N ° 164;
Standschützen Sterzing; I.R. X/59 ° Rainer Baon; I.R. X/14 ° Hessen Baon;
Lr. LLL/37th Baon; I.R. l/51 ° Reg; I.R. LLL/85th Reg.;
I.R. LLL/35th Reg ..; I.R. LV I 24th Reg.;
Freiwilliges Oberösterreichsches Schützenregiement;
H.G.D. Hochgebiergsdetachement de 181 ° Brig.;
Landsturm Baon n ° 24; Landsturm baon n ° 64.
From the publication "Unsere Rainer im Weltkrieg 1914-1918" (our Rainer in the world war 1914-18) we can come to know the names of some fallen certainly buried
in the I.R. Heroes cemetery to the praj de tchiwarhon.
The Fähnrich Dr Heinrich Ploy is remembered which on August 16, 1916 was released with three companions on patrol, only one returns. The body of him will be found a year later, after the Italian Royal Army station has been abandoned. Him's body is found at the feet of a cliff and recognized.
On August 20, 1917 with the participation of Feldkurat (Felderer chaplain) comes
Inhumated in the cemetery of heroes to the Praj. It is one of the X/59 Rainer infantry battalion e
On the cross of the tomb is added the writing "Der Besten Einer" (he was one of the best).
The August 10, 1916 is struck by the Korporal Taubenböck of the 2nd company that had come out of its station to turn off the fire that the Italians had set in the woods near the location, a bullet hits him in full.
On August 30, 1916 at 17.45 a splinter hits the head of the Landsturmbattailon, the department required to help, Franz Battinger who is already buried
On the same day in the Praj cemetery. During an assault, the cadet Anton Baltineter of the 2nd company falls, even before reaching the first line of the enemy.
Towards the end of September 1916 the Korporal (corporal) Nuflbaumer of the technical team is completing work in an advanced location when a hand grenade arrives at the foot of him and kills him. He also rests in the Praj cemetery
On August 19, 1917, after some workstations had been abandoned by Italian soldiers, the patrol approaches the enemy's lattice and a foam of machine guns affects the infantryist Alois Ortner in full; by going down the night
Him's body is brought to the Praj cemetery with patrol companions.
The data collected by this patrol are used for a night assault. August 24, 1917 is a rainy night and the communications between the various stations are difficult.
The Infanterist of the 33 Compagnia Grabner tries to reactivate them but a beam of light of an enemy reflector surprises him and is hit to death. The same fate also touches the Volunteer Portordini Prohaska: he also rests in the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs. With October 31, 1917, the Infantry Battalion X/59 Rainer leaves Tquiwarhon (Civerone) after participating in closing the door open from the betrayal of
Carzano of 18 September 1917.
Through the documentation of Mr. Franz Miglbauer of Kirchham of the Oberösterreich
(Superior Austria) We know the name of two other fallen buried in the cemetery of the heroes of Tquiwarhon. Josef Beiskammer of Austria Superiore, owner of the Paulgutes in Hochreitersberg of the parish of Laakirchen, who fell on October 28, 1916 in Civerone for a blow to his chest in his 30th year as an infantry player and the infantryist Hummer Franz of Laakirchen in Oberösterreich, who fell on Civerone on September 15, 1916.
The battalion is sent to rest in Levico and Trento, but soon it will have to become active to chase the enemy towards Mount Meletta and Campo Mulo.
Upon leaving the Civerone because the holidays of all the saints and the dead were preparing, the cemetery had been covered with flowers.
Towards the first days of November 1917 the front moves towards Primolano, the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs at the Malga Tchiwarhon remains solitary..
Dopo la fine della guerra per impegni presi nel trattato di Versailles e di St. Germain en
Laye il Regno d'Italia si impegna di trattare le tombe dei caduti anche nemici come i propri caduti. After the end of the war for commitments made in the Treaty of Versailles and St. Germain En
Laye The Kingdom of Italy is committed to treating the fallen tombs even as enemies like their fallen. After the war on the territory that the kingdom of Italy had come into possession, there were 2,650 military cemeteries in which Austro-Hungarian and Italian soldiers had been buried. Given the large number of war cemeteries, the kingdom of Italy thought of grouping them in 104 cemeteries of Austro-Hungarian soldiers 54 cemeteries of soldiers of the kingdom of Italy and 115 mixed cemeteries. The soldiers of the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs of Tschiweron (Civerone) were exhumed in 1921/22 and brought to Trento, Rovereto, Asiago and Meran (Merano). It was not possible to know where the remains of these are really finished
Fallen and their names.
Another unit of the I.R. Austro -Hungarian army which was present from 6 July 1916 until June 8, 1917 in the Coalba area, Colazo was the I.R. X/14 (II X Battalion of the I.R. of Austria Superiore "Ernst Ludwig Groszherzog" Battalion of Hessen and at Rhein n ° 14). His motto was "Schwarz Die Farbe, Gold Im Herz Treu bis in Den Tod" (black the color, gold in the heart, faithful until death). The third part of the motto of the I.R. X/14 was written on the entrance of the cemetery of the heroes of Malga Civerone: Treu bis in Den Tod (faithful until death).
On June 27, 1916, coming from Cimone, in Levico they were aggregated to the I.B. 181 (infantry brigade) under the command of the G.M. von. Vidale. During the rest in Levico, the unit was covered and reappeared and recomposed; The 4th weak company of men was dissolved and the men aggregated to the remaining companies. On June 29, 1916, the battalion received the order to be employed again in the front line.
On June 30, in the evening he reaches through the Bisilenga Malga Civerone-Valduga.
From here the company takes a position in Coalba, the 28 and 33 Awiano towards the Colazo at 1010, where they change the Landsturm 164 battalion. For ten months the battalion had to resist and fight against the enemy and in winter too Against white death, Slavine and avalanches.
In the first months the men of the I.R. X/14 they committed themselves to the construction of defenses on the ground and of safe connections with the rear. The enemy was always active in disturbing fortification operations of the first line. In the months of August and September 1916 the Defense Erection activity was more incisive and active despite the enemy's disturbing activities. In this period the battalion was enriched with a new 43 company. This availability allowed to send groups of soldiers tired from these intense defense and first -line services to rest. On October 15, Major Alfons Marbach takes command of the battalion while Rittmeister Szilley maintains the command of the Colazo sector. Soon the winter was felt and the activities to winter became more urgent. The enemy from his nearby positions to the lines and with machine guns constantly disturbed the defense works for the imminent winter. The great snowfalls began, whose mantle reached up to three meters in height, almost completely isolating the first line from the rear. In November 1916, the 11th, his apostolic majesty the emperor Francesco Giuseppe L, supreme commander died. On the same day the I.R. X/14 Hessen swore loyalty to Malga Civerone in front of Major A. Marbach, to the young emperor Carlo I. On the 1010 position of the Colazo the first lines were very close and the enemy inflicted losses at the 4th company daily.
On October 24, 1916 the Lieutenant Listopad was hit, whose loss was regretted by the whole battalion. Meanwhile, the snow had covered all the obstacles between the two lines. The commander of the 4th Company, Captain Kern, proposed to the sector commander an action against the enemy, authorized for February 12, 1917.
Punctual at 5 in the morning the platoon commanded by Captain Kern advanced against the R.E. Italian laterally and the aspiring lieutenant fefll frontally.
The Italian position was taken by surprise and the entire 10th Company of the 32nd Regiment of
Infantry, officials and 60 men with a machine gun, 1 launches and two machine gunstrokes, gave himself a prisoner. For this action, the Hessen were remembered in the Austro -Hungarian war bulletin. The participants in the action earned a gold medal for the aspiring fefll lieutenant, 7 large silver medals at the value and 18 small bronze. Afterwards given the position of the occupied station to the Italians it was not possible to keep it and was abandoned after collecting useful information on the enemy. Towards the end of May 1917, Major Szilley becomes commander and prepares the battalion to give in to the I / 63 positions and thus allow the men of him a well -deserved rest in Levico..
But already on July 8, 1917 the battalion is alarm and sent to the Ronchi Canai area. On 11 July 1917 the battalion was alarm and sent to Malga Civerone; Two companies continue to defend Coma 10 and take part in the famous battle of Porta Leposse-Ortigara by paying a high blood tribute. We will talk about this action in a next article. On June 30, 1917, the battalion was withdrawn from the front and sent to rest in Trento the rest for a long time: on July 17, 1917 he was again aggregated to the I.D.18 and sent to replace the area held on Valcalgera (Caldiera) with 2 companies from the III /37. The other two companies remain as a brigade reserve in Malga Civerone. On July 20, 1917, the 1st and 3rd company plus the technical platoon were sent to the positions of the mesole to replace the landsturm. The station is under the continuous fire of a lateral station of the Italian royal army. Captain Kern of the 1st company thinks of using the launches and grenades found in the station against the enemies that so much disorder cause. A continuous and relentless intervention obtains the desired effect, the enemy decides after abandoning the location and not to reuse it anymore. On 22 July 1917 the battalion again resumed the positions of Valcalgera (Caldiera), which in 5 weeks are transformed by the Hessen into a fortress. Towards the end of September 1917, with the works not yet completed, the battalion is replaced by the Schützen 36 regiment. The battalion replaces the first Kaiserschützen regiment at 2007 in Porta Leposse.
By approaching the winter, the battalion takes care to make valid protections and cover against the cold, but soon the situation changed, the Caporetto route opened new horizons to the south.
Andoletho da Kastelnovo
CN notizie dic 2001 e giugno 2002
(This fund pays the tenth to Castel Telvana: wet dry and to the municipality of Castel Novo level of florins 3 and Carantani 12).
471 - A now reduced to the use of pasture to the Spagolle (borders) of Piovi 2 Pertiche 570 of infimal quality.
(This fund pays the tenth to Castel Telvana: wet dry and to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of Fiorini 5 and Carantani 17).
733 - An Arativa Vignata with mulberry with the Spagolle (borders) of Pertiche 572 of infimal quality
(This bottom pays to Castel Telvana in Decima: wet dry, to the Municipality of Castel Novo level of florins 2 Carantani 24).
Anna Di Telve family owned all these assets that following the beginning of this century were sold to the De Bellat family and which then became the base of the foundation. In addition to the Spiegos, the D'Anna owned a huge amount of goods on Mount Tchiwarohn (Civaron) both of forest and meadows and pastures. In this cadastre, nod in the presence of the first of the existence of a chapel without the indication to those who were dedicated.
In the same period, the Tyrolean peasant cartographer Peter Anich was commissioned by the cartographic survey of the Princely County of Tyrol. The first important assignment is given to Ioseph Songgs who begins the detection of the southern part of Tyrol. The results are not good, the SPERGS is called to Vienna for other positions and the detection is in charge of the Anich. The Anich continues the surveys of the Spegs but with another technique and another reference scale.
The work will not be completed by Dali'anich but by his collaborator and successor Blasius Hueber, he too is a peasant from Oberberfufl, among 1766-69 the southern part of Tyrol was detected, in 1774 he was printed in Vienna. From this detection we know that the chapel was dedicated to S. Bartolomeo. S. Bartolomeo is one of the twelve apostles and according to legend he died martyr in Armenia after having been removed his skin. It is venerated as protector as many activities including wine cultivation.
Today the chapel is located in a state of abandonment and unthinkable degradation. The construction is in the shape of a hexagon with the entry from the south. The interior is enriched with a_a altarpiece with the figure of the saint who is preaching. On the ceiling there is a rose window with the twelve apostles represented and in the middle the dove, symbol of the Holy Spirit. The frescoes are of pleasant view and as well as the pictorial decorations. For a long time, no one has taken care of the chapel anymore, the humidity and bad weather have ruined it perhaps irreparablely. The paintings probably date back to the 1750s, if not before. On the same house where the chapel is located, towards the morning, there is a meridian of excellent workmanship but now ruined by time, in which the year of realization is glimpsed: 1606. The paintings of the chapel could also go back to that period. The total loss of the UESTO artistic heritage would be unjustified.
The writer Beda Weber in 1838 in his tourist guide of the town of Tirol, in the second volumes, also mention this chapel. (7)
We report what the Beda Weber writes: "Die Wunderwollste Aussicht in Ganz Valsugana Geniesst Man auf dem platze, Welcher the Spagos Genannnt Wird, Eine Flach Abhangdende Landstrecke Südwestlich von Castelnovo, Eine Halbe Stunde Lang und eine Halbe Viertel Stunde Breit, Mit Reben- und fruchbäumen aller art bepflanzt, und mit iándlichen wohnungen übersäet. In der mitte steht eine schöne kapelle und ein práchiger landsitz. von hier aus übersicht man Fast at the Dorfschaften in Valsugana ".
The best view of the Valsugana can be enjoyed in the place called Spiles. It's a Flat degrading to the southwest of Castel Novo in width of half an hour of travel and a quarter of an hour. The area is covered with vineyards, mulberries and fruit trees of all quality. In the center there is a beautiful chapel and an elegant main residence. From here you can see almost all the countries of the Valsugana. (page 548-549).
.
In the same years we also find a reference to spilers. The Staffler, then an important official of the government of the Tyrolean province, asked all the district judges to send him a historical economic relationship of their districts. These reports would then be used for the work "Tirol und vorarlberg 'of 1841. The judge Zanolli on 10 October 1835 sends the report to Innsbruck. In it we find, on page 24:' and at the same distance more to the West in the locality Spagolle there is a church of the noble family of Anna.
The original report is preserved in the T.L.M. Ferdinandeum FB 4322. Agostino Perini in the statistics of Trentino (vol. II Ed.fr. Perini 1852) on page 520 speaks of Spagnolle (instead of spreads) and, in a nutshell, describes them: "Casale of the Municipality of Castelnovo, judicial district and captain of Borgo "." Spacroissance does not appear that others have been interested, neither journalists nor writers. Until before the First War there were many families who worked in agriculture, viticulture and fruit growing and could live decently. With the end of the war and the new economic economic situation that was forming for families who operated on the third it became impossible to continue working. The possibilities of survival were slowly extinguishing.
Innsbruck 21-05-1999.
N'AndoIetho de Kastelnöf
Report that was carried out, at the request of the president of the Zimarnovo Association Carlo Brendolise, for the De Bellat Foundation for the then President Dr. Dalsasso in order to obtain funding from the European Fund. the whole was made free as the making available in Castelnuovo News.
Notes:
(1) The current wording of the name is used and not the official name Spagolle
(2) We mean that language used by the German populations of the Alps and north of these including the Bajuvaro and the Lombard until the X-XI century. (see
(3) We mean those families who come from the same "fogo" that is, which are closely related to each other.
(4) German measurement unit corresponding to a work. In the Theresian cadastre, the use of the units of measurement is of the mixed type; Some use German units, others the important Venetians.
(5) Carantani was a monetary currency unit (60 Carantani = 1 Fiorino), laudemio amount that is paid at the time of the infeudation by the ecclesiastical part every time the investiture is made either for death of the investment or the investor the Bishop.
(6) The novals were the land recently recovering to cultivation and whose castle or community had to be paid a fee depending on whether the fund was a fiefdom or land of the community.
(7) Das Land Tirol mita einem Anhang Vorarlberg Handbuch für Reisende Zweiter Band Südtirol Innsbruck Wagnersschen Buchhandlung 1838. Seite 548.
Castelnuovo notizie n.2 dic 2000
Notes of local history
Some events that occurred in the period of the First World War, 1915-18,
On the territory of the municipality of Castelnuovo in the Praj de Tchiwarhon, Coalba, Colazo and Porta Leposse area.
We remember in particular the units of the Imperial Regio Austro-Hungarian army than more a
Long fought in these locations: the Rainer I.R. X159 and the Hessen I.R. X/14. (I.R. Infantry regiment).
In the cemetery of the heroes, Imperial Regi, to the Praj de Tschiwaron (Civerone), inaugurated on September 2, 2001, many fallen of these two glorious units were resting together with many other fallen of other units I. R..
K. u.K. Heldenfriedhof
Tschiwaron (Civerone)
The King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy on May 23, 1915 declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, after having canceled the Treaty of the Triple Alliance. A pact concluded between the Austro-Hungarian Lmpero, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy in 1882, with a expected duration of six years and with automatic renewal. The cancellation took place on May 3, 1915. Seven days after the Kingdom of Italy had signed the secret agreement of London, on April 26, 1915 with the triple understanding: France, England and Russia.
The agreement provided that the Kingdom of Italy would enter the war against the Habsburg Empire within one month of the signing of the Treaty. The Kingdom of Italy would have received the territories of Welschtirolo (Province of Trento), South Tyrolean up to the Brenner (province of Bolzano) and Trieste with the coast.
The military intervention of the Kingdom of Italy against the Austro-Hungarian Empire had forced the military of the Imperial Regio Army to create a defense line by abandoning part of their territory to the enemy. For Valsugana the line included the Piz of Leweck (Levico), the Forte di Tenna, Forte delle Benne, Panarotta, Fravort and the Alps of Fasha (Fassa).
The advance of the royal army in Valsugana was very slow, the army felt insecure and knew neither enemy forces nor the territory. At first they reached the village of Ospedaletto, a limit in which the cannonate of Panarotta arrived. Up to Ospedalettolet, they also reactivated the Valsugana railway, from the border of Tezze. The war activities of the Royal Army limited themselves for a long time to night patrol activities for the countries of the valley floor.
The lasting occupation of the countries of the valley floor took place in the months of September and October
1915. So also the mountains of Tquiwaron (Civerone) and Sella and, on the other side of the valley, Musiera and Calamento.
In the spring of 1916 the Royal Italian Army had gone beyond Roncegno and Marter to Malga Broi and S. Osvaldo. On May 15, 1916 he began "The spring offensive" on the Lavarone and Folgaria plateau, by the Army Imperial Regio. In Valsugana the Royal Army, fearing to be surrounded, retires precipitously to Ospedaletto and the Tesino, setting fire to the countries that had to abandon and forcing the populations to leave their homes to be deported distant in the Kingdom of Latalia.
The spring offensive, called by the Italians "Strafspedition" must be blocked by the Austro -Hungarian army since the offensive of the Russian imperial army began in the East, known as the offensive of Brussilow (general commander in the Russian chief). Thus a new line of defense was formed by the Austro -Hungarian army in Valsugana, which started from Porta Leposse, descended to Valcalgiera (Caldiera), Colon de Gné, Coalba, Civerone Bokardin side, followed the left bank of the Maso stream on the valley floor, With advanced stations towards Villa Agnetdo and Strigno, mentioned and then followed for the Calazione Valley. On the Civerone the line ran more or less coming from the west of the Kolon de Gné, crossing Coalba went up at the first saddle of the Bokardin, then descending to the masiere and towards the confluence of the Brenta river with the Maso stream. The stations of the Italian royal army on the Bokardin could control and disturb what the Austro -Hungarian did on the valley floor, the Maso line.
The parties of clash immediately began as both. The Imperial Regio Austro -Hungarian army tried to push the royal army line towards the mesole, the enemy tried to go up towards the prajs of Tquiwaron (Civarone). These military operations caused the parties from both parties a significant number of deaths and wounded, also keeping in mind that in some places the lines were even less than twenty steps away from each other.
The fallen recovered by the Austro -Hungarian imperials, at first it was thought to bury them in the area at Malga Tchiwarohn (Valduga), west side of the Prajs (where the I.R. Cemetery of the heroes will then be erected). Nearby there was also a dressing place. This area of ??the "Prajs" (Prati), towards Sella, was hidden from the observation of the enemy from Monte Lefre and here was also concentrated on the artillery of the Royal Army. The area was also out of visibility "of the Turin Observatory of the Italian Royal Army on Valcalgiera (Caldiera).
The whole area had been covered with warehouses and shacks for the soldiers and was a base for supplies for troops operating on Valcalgiera, Porta Leposse and Ortigara. From here the mule tracks towards the Fagaré and the mule track of Val Porzigìa gathered at the foot of the Graon and continued for "The Stol dell'Acqua (Stal del Prete)" Dention for the Campigoletti and for Porta Leposse.
By increasing the number of fallen, in mid -June 1916 the Oreranze Battalion
For the fallen Imperial Regio he took the direct care "of the I.R. Heroes cemetery "erecting a fence and the Catholic chapel for religious functions for the fallen. There was also the field chaplain who was a bit the manager and spiritual guide of the soldiers and those engaged in the honors of the fallen.
In the area in front of the Tquiwarhon (Civerone) there are several units of the imperial regio army, many soldiers lost their lives in fulfilling duty towards their country and were buried in the I.R. Heroes cemetery to the praj.
Some fell and their bodies were hidden since they could not be recovered.
We briefly remember the units operating in the Tquiwarhon area (Cìverone) Coalba,
Colazo, Porta Leposse:
Landsturm Baon N. 1; I.R. l/1st Reg.; Landsturm Batt. N ° 164;
Standschützen Sterzing; I.R. X/59 ° Rainer Baon; I.R. X/14 ° Hessen Baon;
Lr. LLL/37th Baon; I.R. l/51 ° Reg; I.R. LLL/85th Reg.;
I.R. LLL/35th Reg ..; I.R. LV I 24th Reg.;
Freiwilliges Oberösterreichsches Schützenregiement;
H.G.D. Hochgebiergsdetachement de 181 ° Brig.;
Landsturm Baon n ° 24; Landsturm baon n ° 64.
From the publication "Unsere Rainer im Weltkrieg 1914-1918" (our Rainer in the world war 1914-18) we can come to know the names of some fallen certainly buried
in the I.R. Heroes cemetery to the praj de tchiwarhon.
The Fähnrich Dr Heinrich Ploy is remembered which on August 16, 1916 was released with three companions on patrol, only one returns. The body of him will be found a year later, after the Italian Royal Army station has been abandoned. Him's body is found at the feet of a cliff and recognized.
On August 20, 1917 with the participation of Feldkurat (Felderer chaplain) comes
Inhumated in the cemetery of heroes to the Praj. It is one of the X/59 Rainer infantry battalion e
On the cross of the tomb is added the writing "Der Besten Einer" (he was one of the best).
The August 10, 1916 is struck by the Korporal Taubenböck of the 2nd company that had come out of its station to turn off the fire that the Italians had set in the woods near the location, a bullet hits him in full.
On August 30, 1916 at 17.45 a splinter hits the head of the Landsturmbattailon, the department required to help, Franz Battinger who is already buried
On the same day in the Praj cemetery. During an assault, the cadet Anton Baltineter of the 2nd company falls, even before reaching the first line of the enemy.
Towards the end of September 1916 the Korporal (corporal) Nuflbaumer of the technical team is completing work in an advanced location when a hand grenade arrives at the foot of him and kills him. He also rests in the Praj cemetery
On August 19, 1917, after some workstations had been abandoned by Italian soldiers, the patrol approaches the enemy's lattice and a foam of machine guns affects the infantryist Alois Ortner in full; by going down the night
Him's body is brought to the Praj cemetery with patrol companions.
The data collected by this patrol are used for a night assault. August 24, 1917 is a rainy night and the communications between the various stations are difficult.
The Infanterist of the 33 Compagnia Grabner tries to reactivate them but a beam of light of an enemy reflector surprises him and is hit to death. The same fate also touches the Volunteer Portordini Prohaska: he also rests in the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs. With October 31, 1917, the Infantry Battalion X/59 Rainer leaves Tquiwarhon (Civerone) after participating in closing the door open from the betrayal of
Carzano of 18 September 1917.
Through the documentation of Mr. Franz Miglbauer of Kirchham of the Oberösterreich
(Superior Austria) We know the name of two other fallen buried in the cemetery of the heroes of Tquiwarhon. Josef Beiskammer of Austria Superiore, owner of the Paulgutes in Hochreitersberg of the parish of Laakirchen, who fell on October 28, 1916 in Civerone for a blow to his chest in his 30th year as an infantry player and the infantryist Hummer Franz of Laakirchen in Oberösterreich, who fell on Civerone on September 15, 1916.
The battalion is sent to rest in Levico and Trento, but soon it will have to become active to chase the enemy towards Mount Meletta and Campo Mulo.
Upon leaving the Civerone because the holidays of all the saints and the dead were preparing, the cemetery had been covered with flowers.
Towards the first days of November 1917 the front moves towards Primolano, the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs at the Malga Tchiwarhon remains solitary..
Dopo la fine della guerra per impegni presi nel trattato di Versailles e di St. Germain en
Laye il Regno d'Italia si impegna di trattare le tombe dei caduti anche nemici come i propri caduti. After the end of the war for commitments made in the Treaty of Versailles and St. Germain En
Laye The Kingdom of Italy is committed to treating the fallen tombs even as enemies like their fallen. After the war on the territory that the kingdom of Italy had come into possession, there were 2,650 military cemeteries in which Austro-Hungarian and Italian soldiers had been buried. Given the large number of war cemeteries, the kingdom of Italy thought of grouping them in 104 cemeteries of Austro-Hungarian soldiers 54 cemeteries of soldiers of the kingdom of Italy and 115 mixed cemeteries. The soldiers of the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs of Tschiweron (Civerone) were exhumed in 1921/22 and brought to Trento, Rovereto, Asiago and Meran (Merano). It was not possible to know where the remains of these are really finished
Fallen and their names.
Another unit of the I.R. Austro -Hungarian army which was present from 6 July 1916 until June 8, 1917 in the Coalba area, Colazo was the I.R. X/14 (II X Battalion of the I.R. of Austria Superiore "Ernst Ludwig Groszherzog" Battalion of Hessen and at Rhein n ° 14). His motto was "Schwarz Die Farbe, Gold Im Herz Treu bis in Den Tod" (black the color, gold in the heart, faithful until death). The third part of the motto of the I.R. X/14 was written on the entrance of the cemetery of the heroes of Malga Civerone: Treu bis in Den Tod (faithful until death).
On June 27, 1916, coming from Cimone, in Levico they were aggregated to the I.B. 181 (infantry brigade) under the command of the G.M. von. Vidale. During the rest in Levico, the unit was covered and reappeared and recomposed; The 4th weak company of men was dissolved and the men aggregated to the remaining companies. On June 29, 1916, the battalion received the order to be employed again in the front line.
On June 30, in the evening he reaches through the Bisilenga Malga Civerone-Valduga.
From here the company takes a position in Coalba, the 28 and 33 Awiano towards the Colazo at 1010, where they change the Landsturm 164 battalion. For ten months the battalion had to resist and fight against the enemy and in winter too Against white death, Slavine and avalanches.
In the cemetery of the heroes, Imperial Regi, to the Praj de Tschiwaron (Civerone), inaugurated on September 2, 2001, many fallen of these two glorious units were resting together with many other fallen of other units I. R..
K. u.K. Heldenfriedhof
Tschiwaron (Civerone)
The King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoy on May 23, 1915 declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, after having canceled the Treaty of the Triple Alliance. A pact concluded between the Austro-Hungarian Lmpero, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy in 1882, with a expected duration of six years and with automatic renewal. The cancellation took place on May 3, 1915. Seven days after the Kingdom of Italy had signed the secret agreement of London, on April 26, 1915 with the triple understanding: France, England and Russia.
The agreement provided that the Kingdom of Italy would enter the war against the Habsburg Empire within one month of the signing of the Treaty. The Kingdom of Italy would have received the territories of Welschtirolo (Province of Trento), South Tyrolean up to the Brenner (province of Bolzano) and Trieste with the coast.
The military intervention of the Kingdom of Italy against the Austro-Hungarian Empire had forced the military of the Imperial Regio Army to create a defense line by abandoning part of their territory to the enemy. For Valsugana the line included the Piz of Leweck (Levico), the Forte di Tenna, Forte delle Benne, Panarotta, Fravort and the Alps of Fasha (Fassa).
The advance of the royal army in Valsugana was very slow, the army felt insecure and knew neither enemy forces nor the territory. At first they reached the village of Ospedaletto, a limit in which the cannonate of Panarotta arrived. Up to Ospedalettolet, they also reactivated the Valsugana railway, from the border of Tezze. The war activities of the Royal Army limited themselves for a long time to night patrol activities for the countries of the valley floor. The lasting occupation of the countries of the valley floor took place in the months of September and October 1915. So also the mountains of Tquiwaron (Civerone) and Sella and, on the other side of the valley, Musiera and Calamento.
In the spring of 1916 the Royal Italian Army had gone beyond Roncegno and Marter to Malga Broi and S. Osvaldo. On May 15, 1916 he began "The spring offensive" on the Lavarone and Folgaria plateau, by the Army Imperial Regio. In Valsugana the Royal Army, fearing to be surrounded, retires precipitously to Ospedaletto and the Tesino, setting fire to the countries that had to abandon and forcing the populations to leave their homes to be deported distant in the Kingdom of Latalia. The spring offensive, called by the Italians "Strafspedition" must be blocked by the Austro -Hungarian army since the offensive of the Russian imperial army began in the East, known as the offensive of Brussilow (general commander in the Russian chief). Thus a new line of defense was formed by the Austro -Hungarian army in Valsugana, which started from Porta Leposse, descended to Valcalgiera (Caldiera), Colon de Gné, Coalba, Civerone Bokardin side, followed the left bank of the Maso stream on the valley floor, With advanced stations towards Villa Agnetdo and Strigno, mentioned and then followed for the Calazione Valley. On the Civerone the line ran more or less coming from the west of the Kolon de Gné, crossing Coalba went up at the first saddle of the Bokardin, then descending to the masiere and towards the confluence of the Brenta river with the Maso stream. The stations of the Italian royal army on the Bokardin could control and disturb what the Austro -Hungarian did on the valley floor, the Maso line.
The parties of clash immediately began as both. The Imperial Regio Austro -Hungarian army tried to push the royal army line towards the mesole, the enemy tried to go up towards the prajs of Tquiwaron (Civarone). These military operations caused the parties from both parties a significant number of deaths and wounded, also keeping in mind that in some places the lines were even less than twenty steps away from each other. The fallen recovered by the Austro -Hungarian imperials, at first it was thought to bury them in the area at Malga Tchiwarohn (Valduga), west side of the Prajs (where the I.R. Cemetery of the heroes will then be erected). Nearby there was also a dressing place. This area of ??the "Prajs" (Prati), towards Sella, was hidden from the observation of the enemy from Monte Lefre and here was also concentrated on the artillery of the Royal Army. The area was also out of visibility "of the Turin Observatory of the Italian Royal Army on Valcalgiera (Caldiera).
The whole area had been covered with warehouses and shacks for the soldiers and was a base for supplies for troops operating on Valcalgiera, Porta Leposse and Ortigara. From here the mule tracks towards the Fagaré and the mule track of Val Porzigìa gathered at the foot of the Graon and continued for "The Stol dell'Acqua (Stal del Prete)" Dention for the Campigoletti and for Porta Leposse.
By increasing the number of fallen, in mid -June 1916 the Oreranze Battalion For the fallen Imperial Regio he took the direct care "of the I.R. Heroes cemetery "erecting a fence and the Catholic chapel for religious functions for the fallen. There was also the field chaplain who was a bit the manager and spiritual guide of the soldiers and those engaged in the honors of the fallen.
In the area in front of the Tquiwarhon (Civerone) there are several units of the imperial regio army, many soldiers lost their lives in fulfilling duty towards their country and were buried in the I.R. Heroes cemetery to the praj. Some fell and their bodies were hidden since they could not be recovered.
We briefly remember the units operating in the Tquiwarhon area (Cìverone) Coalba, Colazo, Porta Leposse:
Landsturm Baon N. 1; I.R. l/1st Reg.; Landsturm Batt. N ° 164; Standschützen Sterzing; I.R. X/59 ° Rainer Baon; I.R. X/14 ° Hessen Baon; Lr. LLL/37th Baon; I.R. l/51 ° Reg; I.R. LLL/85th Reg.; I.R. LLL/35th Reg ..; I.R. LV I 24th Reg.;
Freiwilliges Oberösterreichsches Schützenregiement; H.G.D. Hochgebiergsdetachement de 181 ° Brig.;
Landsturm Baon n ° 24; Landsturm baon n ° 64.
From the publication "Unsere Rainer im Weltkrieg 1914-1918" (our Rainer in the world war 1914-18) we can come to know the names of some fallen certainly buried in the I.R. Heroes cemetery to the praj de tchiwarhon.
The Fähnrich Dr Heinrich Ploy is remembered which on August 16, 1916 was released with three companions on patrol, only one returns. The body of him will be found a year later, after the Italian Royal Army station has been abandoned. Him's body is found at the feet of a cliff and recognized.
On August 20, 1917 with the participation of Feldkurat (Felderer chaplain) comes Inhumated in the cemetery of heroes to the Praj. It is one of the X/59 Rainer infantry battalion e On the cross of the tomb is added the writing "Der Besten Einer" (he was one of the best).
The August 10, 1916 is struck by the Korporal Taubenböck of the 2nd company that had come out of its station to turn off the fire that the Italians had set in the woods near the location, a bullet hits him in full.
On August 30, 1916 at 17.45 a splinter hits the head of the Landsturmbattailon, the department required to help, Franz Battinger who is already buried On the same day in the Praj cemetery. During an assault, the cadet Anton Baltineter of the 2nd company falls, even before reaching the first line of the enemy.
Towards the end of September 1916 the Korporal (corporal) Nuflbaumer of the technical team is completing work in an advanced location when a hand grenade arrives at the foot of him and kills him. He also rests in the Praj cemetery
On August 19, 1917, after some workstations had been abandoned by Italian soldiers, the patrol approaches the enemy's lattice and a foam of machine guns affects the infantryist Alois Ortner in full; by going down the night Him's body is brought to the Praj cemetery with patrol companions.
The data collected by this patrol are used for a night assault. August 24, 1917 is a rainy night and the communications between the various stations are difficult. The Infanterist of the 33 Compagnia Grabner tries to reactivate them but a beam of light of an enemy reflector surprises him and is hit to death. The same fate also touches the Volunteer Portordini Prohaska: he also rests in the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs. With October 31, 1917, the Infantry Battalion X/59 Rainer leaves Tquiwarhon (Civerone) after participating in closing the door open from the betrayal of Carzano of 18 September 1917.
Through the documentation of Mr. Franz Miglbauer of Kirchham of the Oberösterreich (Superior Austria) We know the name of two other fallen buried in the cemetery of the heroes of Tquiwarhon. Josef Beiskammer of Austria Superiore, owner of the Paulgutes in Hochreitersberg of the parish of Laakirchen, who fell on October 28, 1916 in Civerone for a blow to his chest in his 30th year as an infantry player and the infantryist Hummer Franz of Laakirchen in Oberösterreich, who fell on Civerone on September 15, 1916. The battalion is sent to rest in Levico and Trento, but soon it will have to become active to chase the enemy towards Mount Meletta and Campo Mulo. Upon leaving the Civerone because the holidays of all the saints and the dead were preparing, the cemetery had been covered with flowers.
Towards the first days of November 1917 the front moves towards Primolano, the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs at the Malga Tchiwarhon remains solitary.. Dopo la fine della guerra per impegni presi nel trattato di Versailles e di St. Germain en Laye il Regno d'Italia si impegna di trattare le tombe dei caduti anche nemici come i propri caduti. After the end of the war for commitments made in the Treaty of Versailles and St. Germain En Laye The Kingdom of Italy is committed to treating the fallen tombs even as enemies like their fallen. After the war on the territory that the kingdom of Italy had come into possession, there were 2,650 military cemeteries in which Austro-Hungarian and Italian soldiers had been buried. Given the large number of war cemeteries, the kingdom of Italy thought of grouping them in 104 cemeteries of Austro-Hungarian soldiers 54 cemeteries of soldiers of the kingdom of Italy and 115 mixed cemeteries. The soldiers of the cemetery of the heroes of the Prajs of Tschiweron (Civerone) were exhumed in 1921/22 and brought to Trento, Rovereto, Asiago and Meran (Merano). It was not possible to know where the remains of these are really finished Fallen and their names.
Another unit of the I.R. Austro -Hungarian army which was present from 6 July 1916 until June 8, 1917 in the Coalba area, Colazo was the I.R. X/14 (II X Battalion of the I.R. of Austria Superiore "Ernst Ludwig Groszherzog" Battalion of Hessen and at Rhein n ° 14). His motto was "Schwarz Die Farbe, Gold Im Herz Treu bis in Den Tod" (black the color, gold in the heart, faithful until death). The third part of the motto of the I.R. X/14 was written on the entrance of the cemetery of the heroes of Malga Civerone: Treu bis in Den Tod (faithful until death).
On June 27, 1916, coming from Cimone, in Levico they were aggregated to the I.B. 181 (infantry brigade) under the command of the G.M. von. Vidale. During the rest in Levico, the unit was covered and reappeared and recomposed; The 4th weak company of men was dissolved and the men aggregated to the remaining companies. On June 29, 1916, the battalion received the order to be employed again in the front line.
On June 30, in the evening he reaches through the Bisilenga Malga Civerone-Valduga. From here the company takes a position in Coalba, the 28 and 33 Awiano towards the Colazo at 1010, where they change the Landsturm 164 battalion. For ten months the battalion had to resist and fight against the enemy and in winter too Against white death, Slavine and avalanches.
In the first months the men of the I.R. X/14 they committed themselves to the construction of defenses on the ground and of safe connections with the rear. The enemy was always active in disturbing fortification operations of the first line. In the months of August and September 1916 the Defense Erection activity was more incisive and active despite the enemy's disturbing activities. In this period the battalion was enriched with a new 43 company. This availability allowed to send groups of soldiers tired from these intense defense and first -line services to rest. On October 15, Major Alfons Marbach takes command of the battalion while Rittmeister Szilley maintains the command of the Colazo sector. Soon the winter was felt and the activities to winter became more urgent. The enemy from his nearby positions to the lines and with machine guns constantly disturbed the defense works for the imminent winter. The great snowfalls began, whose mantle reached up to three meters in height, almost completely isolating the first line from the rear. In November 1916, the 11th, his apostolic majesty the emperor Francesco Giuseppe L, supreme commander died. On the same day the I.R. X/14 Hessen swore loyalty to Malga Civerone in front of Major A. Marbach, to the young emperor Carlo I. On the 1010 position of the Colazo the first lines were very close and the enemy inflicted losses at the 4th company daily.
On October 24, 1916 the Lieutenant Listopad was hit, whose loss was regretted by the whole battalion. Meanwhile, the snow had covered all the obstacles between the two lines. The commander of the 4th Company, Captain Kern, proposed to the sector commander an action against the enemy, authorized for February 12, 1917.
Punctual at 5 in the morning the platoon commanded by Captain Kern advanced against the R.E. Italian laterally and the aspiring lieutenant fefll frontally.
The Italian position was taken by surprise and the entire 10th Company of the 32nd Regiment of
Infantry, officials and 60 men with a machine gun, 1 launches and two machine gunstrokes, gave himself a prisoner. For this action, the Hessen were remembered in the Austro -Hungarian war bulletin. The participants in the action earned a gold medal for the aspiring fefll lieutenant, 7 large silver medals at the value and 18 small bronze. Afterwards given the position of the occupied station to the Italians it was not possible to keep it and was abandoned after collecting useful information on the enemy. Towards the end of May 1917, Major Szilley becomes commander and prepares the battalion to give in to the I / 63 positions and thus allow the men of him a well -deserved rest in Levico..
But already on July 8, 1917 the battalion is alarm and sent to the Ronchi Canai area. On 11 July 1917 the battalion was alarm and sent to Malga Civerone; Two companies continue to defend Coma 10 and take part in the famous battle of Porta Leposse-Ortigara by paying a high blood tribute. We will talk about this action in a next article. On June 30, 1917, the battalion was withdrawn from the front and sent to rest in Trento the rest for a long time: on July 17, 1917 he was again aggregated to the I.D.18 and sent to replace the area held on Valcalgera (Caldiera) with 2 companies from the III /37. The other two companies remain as a brigade reserve in Malga Civerone. On July 20, 1917, the 1st and 3rd company plus the technical platoon were sent to the positions of the mesole to replace the landsturm. The station is under the continuous fire of a lateral station of the Italian royal army. Captain Kern of the 1st company thinks of using the launches and grenades found in the station against the enemies that so much disorder cause. A continuous and relentless intervention obtains the desired effect, the enemy decides after abandoning the location and not to reuse it anymore. On 22 July 1917 the battalion again resumed the positions of Valcalgera (Caldiera), which in 5 weeks are transformed by the Hessen into a fortress. Towards the end of September 1917, with the works not yet completed, the battalion is replaced by the Schützen 36 regiment. The battalion replaces the first Kaiserschützen regiment at 2007 in Porta Leposse.
By approaching the winter, the battalion takes care to make valid protections and cover against the cold, but soon the situation changed, the Caporetto route opened new horizons to the south.
Andoletho da Kastelnovo
CN notizie dic 2001 e giugno 2002